Abstract: The method of laser cooling has opened the door to low temperature physics of dilute gases.  Despite the great success of this method, it has been limited to a small set of atoms in the periodic table. I will describe in this talk new approaches to trapping of atoms and molecules that do not require lasers and are hence applicable to most atoms.  I will then describe how the trapped atoms can be further cooled in an experimental realization of Maxwell's demon.  Applications of these methods to fundamental physics and chemistry will be described.